《Research Progress of alloy anode prelithium》

The anode is a key component of lithium-ion batteries, and the use of high-capacity alloy-type anodes can significantly improve the energy density of those batteries. However, alloy-type anodes suffer from low initial coulombic efficiency. This problem leads to irreversible consumption of large quantities of active lithium, which offsets the improved battery energy density. Prelithiation technology is considered a promising approach to address this problem, applicable both to anodes and cathodes. This paper summarizes research progress and application prospects for different prelithiation technologies based on a comprehensive analysis of recent literature. For anode prelithiation, the strategies of electrochemical prelithiation, chemical prelithiation, lithium-rich anode additives, and direct contact with metallic lithium, are introduced. For cathode prelithiation, strategies involving lithium-rich additives and over-lithiation are discussed. With a view toward the practical realization of different prelithiation technologies, this analysis focuses on the stability and safety, utilization rate, and cost of each prelithiation reagent. Results demonstrate that prelithiation can be an effective solution to compensate for irreversible capacity loss. Thus, it can contribute to significant improvements in energy density and cycle life of lithium-ion batteries with alloy anodes. Low cost and high safety are the keys to promote the practical application of prelithiation technology.

http://esst.cip.com.cn/CN/10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0570